Book.



No. 805,812. PATENTED Nov; 28, 1905.

J.0RT.LA,

"BOOK APPLICATION FILED NAILS, 1905.

SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED NOV. 28, 1905.

J. ORTLA.

BOOK.

APPLICATION FILED MARS, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

; JOSEPH ORTLA, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR To HERBERT M.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PLIMPTON & (30., OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A-FIRM.

BOOK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 28, 1905.

Application filed March 3, 1905. Serial No. 248,277.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH ORTLA, a citizen of the United States, residing at Boston, in the county of Sufiolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Books, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in explaining its nature.

The invention relates to the herein described improvement in books, and is especially applicable to the making of books by machinery. Its purpose is to improve the dress, appearance, and construction of a book and to produce a saving in the cost of binding, and particularly in the material of which the cover or a'portion of it is composed.

Books made by machinery are known as case-books, and they not only differ in construction from books made by hand, but they also differ in appearance as well. There is a firmness and solidity about a hand-made book which the case-book does not possess. This .is due to the difference in the methods of quired in the covers of a handmade book and which produces grooves in the covers parallel with the back, the Width of the joints between the covers and the back occasioned by this method of binding being taken up, so to speak, by the grooves. This is notonly a defeet in the appearance of the book, but it does not conduce to a firm attachment of the covers to the book and cover-back. Neither does it provide for a strong attachment of the book ,to its cover.

In fact, the method of attachment of a case-book to a case-cover is such that it does not allow of a kind of union between the book and the cover Which, for instance, the hand made andbound book has and which gives to the hand-bound book a strength of construction which is lacking in the case-book. This weakness in the case.- book arises from the fact that all the signatures of the case-book are secured together by machine-sewing in the same way, the first signature of the book and the last signature of the book being like any other of the signatures and being attached to the following or preceding signatures in the same way the other signatures are secured together.

By my invention thefirst and last signatures are especially prepared for union with the other signatures by-machine-sewing in the usual way and so as to afford an intermediate means between the covers and the rest of the book so constituted as to, on the one hand, securely fasten the book to the covers and, on the other hand, to permit of a machine-binding which shall have a cover-back and covers like those of a hand-bound book or, as it is sometimes called, an extra book, the machine-made book thus constructed having a close snug fitting cover -back and covers united to the book Without intermediate sunken or groove joints or hinges, the book also resembling an extra book in that it may be opened to its full extent Without danger of rupturing the union between the book and the covers. As my invention thus does away in a machine-made book with the joint-grooves and also permits a closer and narrower coverback being employed, it follows that a saving in the cost of the material used for the back and a portion of the covers is secured, and when this material is of a relatively expensive character like leather the saving per volume is of consequence, especially in books of the larger sizes.

It will be understood that the body of the book is compressed and the back rounded before it is attached to its covers; but it is not necessary to set out the book on each side to receive the covers, as is done and as is required in the construction of the ordinary case-book. The back of the book is thus made narrower than that of the usual case-book and the covers do not require to be set within such extensions as with the ordinary casebook, and these are the reasons Why stock is saved in the cover and why a firmer construction between the covers and the book is socured.

I will now describe the invention in conjunction with the drawings forming a part 0 this specification, wherein A Figure 1 represents an attaching-section of an end signature when made of one leaf, Fig. 2 when composed of two leaves, Fig. 3 when having three leaves, Fig. 4: when three leaves are reinforced, Fig. 5 when three leaves are reinforced and the cover-sheet strengthened by a lining. Fig. 6 represents the front and back signatures of a book with attaching-sections, such as are represented in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 represents them assembled and united with the remaining signatures of the book. Fig. 8 represents the body of the book as compressed and rounded. Fig. 9 shows the body of the book attached to the covers. Fig. 10 is a view in perspective of the complete book. Figs. 11 and 12 represent methods of securing the attaching-sections to the end signatures of the book after the signatures have been sewed together.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the body of the book made of any desired number of signatures attached together by stitches which are sewed by a sewing-machine in the usual Way of making a machine-made book. A A are its end signatures. Each of these end signatures comprises at least one leaf of sufiicient size to permit its inner end to be folded back upon itself to form a narroW extension. The leaf thus folded is, on the one hand, attached by means of the extension mentioned to the other leaves of the end signature and, on the other hand, by any suitable means to the cover. a, Fig. 1, represents such an attaching-leaf, and a represents the folded extension at its inner end. As many leaves may be used in forming this attaching portion of the end signatures as may be desired. In Fig. 1 I have represented but one. Usually, however, there would be one or more additional waste or fly leaves, as represented in Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, and they would be reinforced by means of a somewhat narrow strip of cloth or other fibrous material a embracing the fold and extending from or near the extreme edge of the extension to a point as far upon the inner face of the attaching-leaf as may be desired. This strip of cloth may be covered by covering-sheet (0 attached to it and to the leaf (0, but not extending to the fold, as shown in said Fig. 4.. The extension of the attaching-section is then stitched or secured by one or more lines of stitches a, machine-sewed, to the remainderct of the signature, theline of stitches passing through the fold or extension and through a number of the leaves of the signature and near the back of the said leaves. (See Fig. 6.) This produces a signature which is of a composite character, having the section a and also the attaching-section which I have described, the section a being the inner section and the attaching-section being the outer one, the outer one being united to the inner one by means of turned-in sections of the outer one arranged between it and the side of the inner one, as shown. Both the front and the back signatures of the book are alike, and in the making of the book they are handled and sewed in the sewing-machine as are the other signatures of the book. The signatures thus attached together to form the body of the book have at each end the attach ing-sections, Which are united to the remainder of the book in the manner specified and which sections or a portion of them provide the means for securing the book to its covers. The outer sheets or leaves thereof, preferably reinforced, as described, are the ones which are united to the sides of the cover to form a part of it. Before, however, they are so used the body of the book is compressed and the back rounded to substantially the shape represented in Fig. 8, and very little, if any, lateral extensions from the inner edges of the book are formed in the rounding.

The cover B is formed in the usual way, excepting that for a book of a given size the back is made narrower than it would be for a case-book as now made and the sides of the cover are directly connected with its back, as in an extra book, and not by means of loose groove-joints, as now used for case-books. Z2 is the back of the cover. prepared the body of the book is united by the outer attaching sheets or leaves and which are secured to the inner faces of the cover sides by adhesive material. Supers may be used in addition, if desired. The body of the book is thus attached to the covers by flexible hinges of peculiar construction, the attachingleaves a rt, forming the hinges, passing from the sides of the cover inward to the back of the book and then outward and being united to the remainder of the book upon a line at some distance within the line of the inner edge of the cover side. This permits a very close relation between the back of the book and the cover at its hinges to be established and one that is strong as well and also one that permits thefull opening of the book at any place without any liability of tearing the sides of the cover or fly-leaves from the book. It also permits the application of the ordinary machine methods of manufacturing case-books to the cons ruction of books resembling and having the outward characteristics of extra books and having an interior construction firmer, stronger. and more substantial than the case-book, While at the same time an economy in the manufacture of the book is secured.

In Figs. 11 and 12 I represent the attaching-sections of the end signatures as united to the remainder of said signatures after said last-named sections and each of the other signatures have been secured together by machine-sewing. The attaching-sections are then secured to the other portions of the end signatures, as represented in Fig. 1. In Fig. 11

To the cover thus one attaching-section is shown as having been secured to the remainder of the first signature of the book by sewing, but has not been turned back to the position in which it is finally used. In Fig. 12 the attaching-section is shown as stitched to the remainder of the signature and is turned back for attachment to the cover.

I would further say that the outer strips or sheets which secure the back to the cover sides may be of any flexible material and when of paper should be stronger than the paper of the book. They may, however, be of cloth only, and they may be of the full size of the cover or may be as much narrower as desired, and when cloth is used they would usually be considerably narrower.

It will be understood that when the attaching-sections contain fly or waste leaves, as they generally will, the fly or waste leaves are attached to the remainder of the signatures with the attaching-sections and by means of the inturned extension and that this is an advantage as compared with the ordinary methods of securing said leaves in case-books by adhesive material, in which methods the adhesive material uniting the inner edges of the fly-leaves to the sides of the covers produces a stiff and undesirable joint between the covers and the rest of the book and makes it somewhat diflicult to fully open the book at the fly-leaves, thus producing a disposition of the sides of the cover to tear away from the fly-leaves, or the cover and fly-leaves to tear away from the next leaves in order. My invention does away altogether with the use of adhesive material in these parts of the book, unites the fly-leaves by sewing to the remainder of the book, and thus does away with the disadvantages incident upon the method of attachment of fly-leaves by adhesives. There is another distinction with respect to theflyleaves, and that is in my book the fly-leaves are attached with the attaching-sections to the remainder of the signatures before they are stitched and are therefore treated as portions of the signatures in the making of the book, while with the present method the fly-leaves are treated as separate parts of the book to be added to the book after the signatures have been secured together and generally after they have been attached to the sides of the cover.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. In a book, end signatures having one or more outside leaves, the inner edges of which leaves are attached together and folded over, other leaves of said end signatures attached near their inner edges to the folded-over portion of said outside leaves, and the book-cover attached to said outside leaves.

2. In a book, a cover, the back and sides of which cover are directly united without interposed grooved joints, end signatures for the book-body, and signatures intermediate the same, the end signatures having one or more outside leaves, the edges of which are attached together and folded over,other leaves of said end signatures attached near their edges to the folded over portion of said outside leaves, said other leaves of said end signatures and said intermediate signatures being sewed together.

3. A book, comprising the body, the cover having back and sides, end leaves of said bookbody, attached to the sides of the cover and provided at their inner edges with reverselyextending portions arranged between the said leaves and the remainder of the body of the book and united to such remaining portion of the body of the book forward of the back thereof.

4:. In a book, as a means of securing the body of the book to its cover, one or more of the end leaves of the book-body having reversely-extending sections united at intermediate points thereof to the signatures of the body of the book said leaves being also united to the sides of the cover.

5. In a book, the combination of a cover having a back and sides closely hinged to the back without the intervention of. hingegrooves, the-body of the book, and hinge connections between the body of the book and the sides of the cover, the same comprising flexible end leaves of the book-body folded to have extending from the back thereof extensions, the sides of the cover being attached to said leaves and the remainder of the body of the book being attached to said extensions.

JOSEPH ORTLA.

Witnesses:

F. F. RAYMOND, 2d, M. E. FLAHERTY. 

